# URL-Parser

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A [WHATWG URL](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/) spec compliant URL parser for working with URLs and their query strings.

This API offers 2 objects that you can use to help you work with URLs; [URL](#url) and [URLSearchParams](#urlsearchparams).
## Demo

Checkout an interactive demo [here](https://url-demo.trowbotham.com/).

## Requirements

* PHP >= 8.1
* `ext-mbstring`
* `brick/math`
* `rowbot/idna`

## Installation

```bash
composer require rowbot/url
```

## URL

The URL object is the primary object for working with a URL.

### The URL constructor

`URL(string|\Stringable $url[, null|string|\Stringable $base = null, array $options = []])`

The `$options` argument accepts an array with a key `logger` whose value is an object implementing
`\Psr\Log\LoggerInterface`. See [Logging](#logging) for more information.

#### URL constructor throws

* `\Rowbot\URL\Exception\TypeError`
    * When the URL parser determines that the given input is not a valid URL.

```php
use Rowbot\URL\URL;

// Construct a new URL object.
$url = new URL('https://example.com/');

// Construct a new URL object using a relative URL, by also providing the constructor with the base URL.
$url = new URL('path/to/file.php?query=string', 'http://example.com');
echo $url->href; // Outputs: "http://example.com/path/to/file.php?query=string"

// You can also pass an existing URL object to either the $url or $base arguments.
$url = new URL('https://example.org:123');
$url1 = new URL('foo/bar/', $url);
echo $url1->href; // Outputs: "https://example.org:123/foo/bar/"

// Catch the error when URL parsing fails.
try {
    $url = new URL('http://2001::1]');
} catch (\Rowbot\URL\Exception\TypeError $e) {
    echo 'Invalid URL';
}
```

### URL Members

Note: As a convience, both the `__get()` and `__set()` methods will throw an `\InvalidArgumentException` if you try to get or set an invalid property.

#### `string URL::href`

The `href` getter returns the serialization of the URL. The `href` setter will parse the entire string
updating all the components of the URL with the new values. Providing an invalid URL will cause the
setter to throw a `\Rowbot\URL\TypeError`.

#### `readonly string URL::origin`

The `origin` member is readonly. Its output is in the form of `scheme://host:port`. If a URL does not
have a port, then that will be excluded from the output.

#### `string URL::protocol`

The `protocol` getter, also known as a scheme, returns the protocol of the URL, such as http, ftp, or ssh.
The `protocol` setter is used to change the URLs protocol.

#### `string URL::username`

The `username` getter returns the username portion of the URL, or an empty string if the URL does not contain a username. The `username` setter changes the URLs username.

#### `string URL::password`

The `password` getter returns the password portion of the URL, or an empty string if the URL does not contain a password. The `password` setter changes the URLs password.

#### `string URL::host`

The `host` getter returns the combination of `hostname` and `port`. The output would look like `hostname:port`. If the URL does not have a port, then the port is not present in the output. The `host` setter allows you to change both the `hostname` and `port` at the same time.

#### `string URL::hostname`

The `hostname` getter returns the hostname of the URL. For example, the hostname of `https://example.com:31` would be `example.com`. The `hostname` setter will change the hostname portion of the URL.

#### `string URL::port`

The `port` getter returns an integer as a string representing the URLs port. If the URL does not have a port, the empty string will be returned instead. The `port` setter updates the URLs port.

#### `string URL::pathname`

The `pathname` getter returns the URLs path. The `pathname` setter updates the URLs path.

#### `string URL::search`

The `search` getter returns the URLs query string. The `search` setter updates the URLs URLSearchParams list.

#### `readonly URLSearchParams URL::searchParams`

Returns the URLSearchParams object associated with this URL allowing you to modify the query parameters without having to clobber the entire query string. This will always return the same object.

#### `string URL::hash`

The `hash` getter, also known as a URLs fragment, returns the portion of the URL that follows the "#" character. The `hash` setter updates the portion of the URL that follows the "#".

#### `bool URL::canParse(string|\Stringable $url[, null|string|\Stringable $base = null])`

A static method that allows the user to quickly check if a URL is parsable, without needing to construct a new URL object and wrapping it with a try/catch statement.

#### `?\Rowbot\URL\URL URL::parse(string|\Stringable $url, null|string|\Stringable $base = null)`

A static method that allows the user to parse a string in a way that does not throw exceptions like with the constructor object.

#### `string URL::toJSON()`

Returns a JSON encoded string of the URL. Note that this method escapes forward slashes, which is not the default for PHPs `json_encode()`, but matches the default behavior of JavaScripts `JSON.stringify()`. If you wish to control the serialization, then pass the URL obect to the `json_encode()` function.

#### `string URL::jsonSerialize()`

The URL object implements the `JsonSerializable` interface allowing you to pass the object as a whole to the json_encode() function.

#### `string URL::toString()`

Returns the serialization of the URL.

#### `string URL::__toString()`

See [URL::toString()](#string-urltostring)

## URLSearchParams

The URLSearchParams object allows you to work with query strings when you don't need a full URL. The URLSearchParams object implements the `Iterator` interface so that you may iterate over the list of search parameters. The iterator will return an array containing exactly 2 items. The first item is the parameter name and the second item is the parameter value.

### The URLSearchParams constructor

`URLSearchParams([iterable<int|string, array<int|string, scalar|\Stringable>|(\Traversable<int|string, scalar|\Stringable>&\Countable)>|object|string|\Stringable $init])`

#### URLSearchParams constructor throws

* `\Rowbot\URL\Exception\TypeError`
    * When an iterable is passed and one if its values is not iterable.
    * When an iterable is passed and one of its values is not countable, such as an object that implements `\Iterator`, but not `\Countable`.
    * When an iterable is passed and one of its sequences does not contain exactly 2 items, such as an array that contains only 1 string.

```php
use Rowbot\URL\URLSearchParams;

// Construct an empty list of search params.
$params = new URLSearchParams();

// Construct a new list from a query string. Remember that a leading "?" will be stripped.
$params = new URLSearchParams('?foo=bar');

// Construct a new list using an array of arrays containing strings. Alternatively, you could pass an
// object that implements the Traversable interface and whose iterator returns an array of arrays,
// with each array containing exactly 2 items.
$params = new URLSearchParams([
    ['foo', 'bar'],
    ['foo', 'bar'] // Duplicates are allowed!
    ['one', 'two']
]);

// Iterate over a URLSearchParams object.
foreach ($params as $index => $param) {
    if ($index > 0) {
        echo '&';
    }

    echo $param[0] . '=' . $param[1];
}

// Above loop prints "foo=bar&foo=bar&one=two".

// Construct a new list using an object
$obj = new \stdClass();
$obj->foo = 'bar';
$params = new URLSearchParams($obj);

// Copy an existing URLSearchParams object into a new one.
$params1 = new URLSearchParams($params);
```

### URLSearchParams Members

#### `void URLSearchParams::append(string $name, string $value)`

Appends a new name-value pair to the list.

#### `void URLSearchParams::delete(string $name[, string $value])`

Deletes all name-value pairs whose name is `$name` from the list. If the optional `$value` is provided,
then only pairs with the same name and value are removed.

#### `string|null URLSearchParams::get(string $name)`

Returns the value of the first name-value pair whose name is `$name` in the list or null if there are no name-value pairs whose name is `$name` in the list.

#### `string[] URLSearchParams::getAll(string $name)`

Returns a list of values of all name-value pairs whose name is `$name`, in list order, or the empty list if there are no name-value pairs whose name is `$name` in the list.

#### `bool URLSearchParams::has(string $name[, string $value])`

Returns true if there is a name-value pair in the list, and false otherwise.

#### `void URLSearchParams::set(string $name, string $value)`

If the list contains name-value pairs whose name is `$name`, the first name-value pair in the list whose name is `$name` will have its value changed to `$value` and all others following it in the list will be removed. If the list does not contain a name-value pair whose name is `$name` then the new name-value pair will be appended to the list.

#### `void URLSearchParams::sort()`

Sorts the list of search params by comparing code units. The relative order of name-value pairs with the same name are preserved.

#### `string URLSearchParams::toString()`

Returns the serialization of the list of name-value pairs.

### `int URLSearchParams::$size`

Returns the number of query parameters in the list.

#### `string URLSearchParams::__toString()`

See [URLSearchParams::toString()](#string-urlsearchparamstostring)

## Logging

The given logger logs validation errors. Entries with a level of `warning` are fatal errors that cause the parser to
fail. Entries with a level of `notice` are not fatal. All validation errors have an `input` key and either a `column`
or `column_range` offset key. Column offsets start at 1.

### Logging context

| Key | Type | Description |
|-----|------|-------------|
| `input` | `string` | The input string that the parser is operating on at the time of error. |
| `column` | `positive-int` | The column offset of the error. |
| `column_range` | `array{0: positive-int, 1: positive-int}` | Index 0 is the starting column offset, and index 1 is the end column offset. The range is inclusive. |
| `idn_errors` | `list<string>` | A list of strings that represent IDN error constant names. |
| `unicode_domain` | `string` | The domain name as a Unicode string. |
